STANDARD CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENS AND DETAILS
CITY MANAGER-The City Manager or his designee (s).
CONTRACTOR-The successful Bidder to whom a contract has been awarded
and who has executed the contract documents.
CUL-DE-SAC-A street with only one outlet that terminates in a
vehicular turnaround. A turnaround may
be circular or T-shaped/hammerhead design.
DEDICATION-The granting by a landowner of specified permanent rights
or land for public use, as shown by a written instrument or drawing.
EASEMENT-A lawful right or privilege of use for a specified purpose over land
owned by another party.
ENGINEER-The City Engineer of the City of Oak Ridge or other representative duly
authorized by the City Engineer.
INSPECTOR-The Engineering Technician or other representative duly
authorized by the City Engineer.
INVERT-The lowest point in the internal cross section of a pipe or other
culvert.
PLANS-The approved plans, profiles, standard details, supplemental plans, and
working drawings, which show the location, dimensions, and details of the work
to be done.
RIGHT-OF-WAY-Land owned by a government agency, reserved for streets,
utilities and other public uses.
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS-The general term comprising all the directions, provisions,
and requirements contained or referred to in this book entitled “Standard
Construction Requirements and Details” (SCRD) and in any subsequent revisions
or additions to this book.
SUBGRADE-That portion of the roadbed prepared as a foundation for the pavement
structure.
VARIANCE-The official provision, by the Planning Commission, of an exemption
from compliance with the terms of conditions of these regulations due to a
unique hardship related to physical characteristics of the property as provided
in Article I, G of the Subdivision Regulations.
AASHTO American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
A.B.S. Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene
ANSI American
National Standards Institute
ASTM American
Society of Testing and Materials
AWWA American
Water Works Association
F Fahrenheit
ft. Foot
fps Feet
per second
gpd Gallons
per day
gpm Gallons
per minute
ID Internal
Diameter
lbs. Pounds
MSL Mean
Sea Level
TDEC Tennessee
Department of Environment and Conservation
TDOT Tennessee
Department of Transportation
NFPA National
Fire Protection Agency
N.E.C. National
Electric Code
OD Outside
Diameter
P.C. Point
of Curvature
P.E. Professional
Engineer
psi Pounds
per square inch
P.T. Point
of Tangency
P.V.C. Point
of Curvature on Vertical Curve
P.V.T. Point
of Tangency on Vertical Curve
Qmax Maximum Discharge
Qmin Minimum
Discharge
RH Relative
Humidity
RLS Registered
Land Surveyor
SCRD Standard
Construction Requirements and Details
SCS Soil
Conservation Service
sec. Second
s.f. Square
feet
V Volts
VAC Voltage-Alternating
Current
Return to Section 1.02 Abbreviations
The intent of these construction requirements and
details is to describe the level of performance to be met when constructing any
infrastructure public improvements within the City.
All construction shall conform to the requirements
and dimensions on the approved construction plans, Subdivision Regulations,
Erosion Control and Storm Water Management Ordinance, Zoning Ordinance, Code of
Ordinances of the City of Oak Ridge, the requirements of the Electric
Department, or as stated in these SCRD.
All work not explicitly described in these documents shall be
constructed in accordance with applicable standards to be found in the latest
edition of the TDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction
and its applicable amendments, or the TDEC, Division of Water Pollution Control
and Division of Water Supply. The
design of streets, storm drainage systems, and grading plans shall be signed
and sealed by a qualified Engineer, Architect or Landscape Architect licensed
in the State of Tennessee. The design
of water systems, sanitary sewer systems and flood control projects shall be
signed and sealed by a qualified Engineer licensed in the State of Tennessee.
It
is the intent of this document to provide guidance for the designer, developer
and constructor of developments and facilities within the City. The City, based on technical merit and
justification by the project designer, will consider materials and practices
differing from or not covered by this document for approval during the design
development stage. The primary interest
of the City is to require materials and methods that employ practices meeting
or exceeding standards known to the trade.
Current specifications and/or the latest revisions shall apply in all
cases where materials are referenced by this document.
During
the construction phase of a project, equal or better materials not specified
may be used provided documentation and samples, necessary for the City to determine
their acceptability, are submitted a MINIMUM of FOURTEEN days before they are
to be used on the construction site.
The City will issue a WRITTEN APPROVAL if the submitted data and samples
are acceptable as an equal material.
Concrete shall be only plant-mixed or transit-mixed
concrete conforming to ASTM C33 for aggregates and to ASTM C94 for ready-mixed
concrete. Any concrete placed that has
a slump over four inches as per ASTM C143, or has a batched time of more than
90 minutes is unacceptable. Concrete
shall not be deposited on frozen subgrade.
Concrete shall not be placed when the air temperature is below 40
degrees Fahrenheit, and the predicted low temperature for the next 24 hour
period is less than 32 degrees Fahrenheit unless proper freeze protection is
provided. All concrete when placed in
the forms shall have a temperature of between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit and
shall be maintained at a temperature of not less than 50 degrees Fahrenheit for
at least 72 hours for normal concrete and 24 hours for high early strength
concrete, or for as much time as is necessary to secure proper rate of curing
and designed compressive strength.
Concrete shall be air entrained with five to seven
percent air. Retarders and accelerators
shall be used only if approved by the City.
The
work of clearing and grubbing shall consist of the cutting, removal, and
satisfactory disposal of all vegetation and all surface debris.
Clearing
and grubbing shall be conducted in a manner to prevent damage to vegetation
that is intended to remain and to prevent damage to adjacent property.
Open
burning of vegetative materials cleared from land is allowed only under certain
conditions. A burning permit must be
obtained from the Fire Department.
Material larger than six inches in diameter may not be burned unless an
approved pit burning operation, including the use of an air curtain destructor,
is employed.
Earthwork
shall be defined as removal of earth from its natural location, or as the
depositing of such material into the proper fill areas as designated on the
plans.
Rock
excavation shall be defined as removal of all rock or boulders that cannot be
economically excavated by proper use of a power shovel or without the use of
explosives. A written PERMIT FOR
BLASTING must be obtained from the Fire Department in accordance with paragraph
2.08 A.
Existing
public streets or highways shall be kept open to traffic at all times by the contractor
unless permission to close these streets, or portions thereof, is granted by
the City. Public notice of street
closures may be required by the City.
Proper
and sufficient traffic control such as barricades, lights, signing and other
protective devices shall be required to be installed according to the latest
edition of the “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.” The City may require the submission of a
Traffic Control Plan showing traffic control measures during all phases of
construction.
The
presence of a City Inspector at the work site shall in no way lessen the
contractor or developer’s responsibility for conformity with the approved plans
and specifications. City inspectors
perform inspections based on availability of time and all elements of
construction cannot be reviewed at the time of their construction. Any materials and/or workmanship found not
to be in conformance to the approved plans and specifications, at any stage of
development, shall be rejected by the City.
The contractor/developer shall have no claim for losses suffered due to
any necessary removals or repairs resulting from unsatisfactory work or
unacceptable materials. Any work, which
has been covered without the inspector’s approval, shall, at the inspector’s
request, be uncovered and be made available for inspection at the contractor’s
expense.
During
the course of designing, and prior to construction of a utility or street
project, permits from the City, State and Federal government, if applicable,
must be obtained. It is the
responsibility of the owner/developer to ensure that all fees and applications
for permits are submitted.
A grading permit application may be
obtained at the Municipal Building in the Community Development
Department. See Section
4.00, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control for further details.
A curb cut permit including a site
plan must be submitted to the City for approval. A permit application may be obtained at the Municipal Building in
the Community Development Department. A
minimum of five working days should be allowed for approval/disapproval except
for arterial street curb cuts. Access
to an arterial street must be reviewed by the Traffic Safety Advisory Board and
approved by City Council, which will take approximately one month.
A burning permit shall be obtained a
minimum of 24 hours prior to any burning.
This permit is obtained from the Fire Department.
A written permit for blasting is
required any time there is to be transportation, use or storage of explosive
materials. This permit is required a
minimum of 24 hours before bringing such materials into the City and can be
obtained from the Fire Department.
Proof of insurance (original policy in the amount of $1,000,000 public
liability) and a State of Tennessee Explosive Users Identification card are
required.
After
approval by the City, plans for sanitary sewer/water extensions and State
highway entrances shall be submitted to the appropriate State agency as
required. It is the responsibility of
the owner/developer to ensure that all submittals of plans, permit applications
and fees are made.
For any proposed extension of the public sewer or
water system, approval from the TDEC is required. Privately maintained sewer or water systems may require approval
by the TDEC as directed by the City.
Fee schedules and application forms may be obtained from the TDEC.
Owners/developers must obtain permission from the
TDEC to discharge storm water from any construction or grading activity that
disturbs five acres or more of land.
Application for permission can be obtained by submitting a Notice of
Intent (NOI) on a State NOI form to the TDEC with a copy provided to the City.
Owners/developers may be required to
obtain permits from the TDEC and/or US Army Corps of Engineers and/or Tennessee
Valley Authority for work in or around “Waters of the State”, wetlands or other
watercourses.
A permit from TDOT is required for any proposed
entrance onto a State highway. The
State highways include State Routes 58, 61, 62, 95, and 170. Contact TDOT, Region 1 Traffic Division
office in Knoxville.
When
allowed by the City, tree/shrub planting in the right-of-way shall be
controlled by the following planting methods:
Trees
planted in the right-of-way shall be positioned so that when mature,
intersection sight distances will not be limited and street safety will not be
adversely affected. Trees shall not be
located over existing water mains, sewer mains, or electric power lines and
shall be at least 15 feet from a fire hydrant.
All
trees planted in the right-of-way shall be watered and maintained by the
owner/developer for a period of one year after planting or until suitable
maintenance is provide by the City or by occupants of properties by prior
agreement with the City.
All
streets within the City of Oak Ridge shall conform to the City Comprehensive
Plan both as to the general alignment and right-of-way widths.
All
public streets shall be designed and constructed as specified herein and in
accordance with Subdivision Regulations unless the TDOT Standard Specifications
are applicable. The TDOT standards
shall be used on all existing State roads, extensions of existing State roads,
or roads to be maintained by the TDOT.
When a street is planned for future
extension or to additional developable property, a temporary turn-around shall
be provided and paved and roadway standards shall meet overall requirements of
the future full build-out roadway. Curb
for such turn-arounds need not be provided unless it is essential to control
drainage. Additional right-of-way for
such turn-arounds may be provided by a temporary easement, which would lapse
when the road is extended.
Arterial streets shall have a
minimum right-of-way width of 90 feet with a minimum lane width of 12
feet. Where on-street parking is
desired, an additional eight feet of pavement shall be required for each
parking lane. When arterial streets are
also State highways, the TDOT may require higher standards.
NOTE: ALL STREETS THAT FOLLOW ARE DESCRIBED IN
THE OAK RIDGE ZOINING ORDINANCE AS SECONDARY AND MINOR ROADS.
Collector streets are used for
through traffic rather than for providing access to adjoining properties. Access to adjacent property should be
planned and controlled so that minimum disturbance is made to the
traffic-moving efficiency of the collector street. Major collector streets shall have a minimum right-of-way width
of 80 feet and a minimum lane width of 12 feet. Where parking is desired on the right-of-way, an additional eight
feet of pavement shall be required for each parking lane.
Minor collector streets have two
open ends once completely developed; each end generally connects with another
street. One or more other streets may
intersect it between its two open ends.
Property fronting on either side of the street may have access to the
street. Minor collector streets may
carry through traffic within the immediate vicinity. Minor collector streets shall have a minimum right-of-way of 70
feet and a minimum lane width of 12 feet.
Local streets are used primarily for
providing access to adjacent properties.
Vehicles moving on these streets should have an origin or destination in
the immediate vicinity, and all types of through traffic should be minimized
through initial design of its connections with other streets. Local streets should have a minimum
right-of-way width of 50 feet and a minimum pavement width of 28 feet. Marginal access streets, dead-end streets,
or one of several other types may perform the function of local streets. Minimum design standards for streets in
low-density developments are provided in Standard Detail 3.17.
Marginal access streets may be
required along expressways, arterials and collector streets to provide access
to abutting properties and shall be located on the right-of-way. The right-of-way shall be contiguous with
right-of-way of the major street and extend a minimum of 10 feet beyond the
back of the outside curb of the marginal access streets. The minimum roadway width shall be 24
feet. The Zoning Ordinance further
regulates such streets.
Dead-end streets are local streets
having only one open end providing no access to another street. No other street intersects between the two
ends, and dead-end streets shall have a minimum right-of-way width of 50 feet
and a minimum pavement width of 28 feet.
They shall be provided at the closed end with a turn-around having an
outside street diameter of at least 80 feet and a street right-of-way diameter
of at least 100 feet as detailed in Standard Detail 3.01
A “hammer-head” or other
non-circular turn-around design may be approved by the Planning Commission as a
variance in cases of difficult topography or similar unusual situations,
provided that such design can accommodate the turn-around of fire, solid waste
collection, and delivery vehicles as determined by the City.
Alleys are minor roadways which
afford a secondary means of vehicular access to the back or side of properties
otherwise abutting a street, and which may be used for public utility
purposes. Alleys generally have two
open ends, and each end connects with a street. Alleys shall have sufficient pavement width to adequately serve
the anticipated vehicular traffic.
When a subdivision has a unified
plan which utilizes a more innovative approach to street standards not meeting
the above standards in Section A(1-7), the Planning
Commission with advice from the City, may approve a different standard which
should be equal to or better than the above standards. A traffic engineering impact study may
justify sections of reduced roadway and right-of-way width.
All streets shall conform to the
City Comprehensive Plan when applicable or shall be designed and located in
proper relation to existing streets and environment. The alignment of arterial and collector streets should be direct
as possible but consistent with topography and preserving developed properties
and community values. Residential
streets shall be designed to discourage high-speed traffic and minimize
excessive cuts, fills and through traffic.
Traffic calming principles may be required if the basic design does not
discourage traffic speeds, which are inappropriate for the type of street being
planned.
The design of streets shall conform
to the curve controls in Table 3.2 at the end of this
section.
Minimum tangent lengths between
reverse curves on arterial and collector streets shall be computed to provide
for superelevation transition lengths in accordance with the TDOT Standards
Specifications. Local streets and other
lower classified streets not requiring superelevation should provide a minimum
tangent length of 75 feet between reverse curves. The minimum tangent length of an approaching intersection should
be 50 feet for local and lower classified streets measured from pavement
edge. All intersections of streets
classified as collector or greater should have a tangent section not less than
100 feet approaching the intersection.
Compound horizontal curves with the
same direction of curvature shall have the radius of the flatter circular arc
no more than one and one-half times the radius of the sharper circular
arc. Streets shall intersect each other
at right angles whenever possible. The
minimum desirable intersection angle is 80 degrees unless physically
impossible, but at no time shall a street intersect any other street at less
than 60 degrees.
Intersections with arterial streets
should be at least 800 feet apart.
There should be a minimum of 200 feet between centerlines of street jogs
on collectors and 125 feet between centerlines along other streets.
Superelevation is to be used on all
arterials and collectors.
Superelevation shall conform to the TDOT and AASHTO standards for
superelevation design.
Street grades shall be established
with respect to existing topography to avoid excessive grading and filling, and
the removal of existing trees and vegetation whenever practical.
The minimum grade allowed on any
street shall be one-half of one percent.
Maximum grade allowed shall be seven percent for arterial streets, nine
percent for collector streets and 12 percent for other streets.
At every street intersection, one
street will be considered the major street and the other will be considered the
minor intersecting street. Questions
regarding which intersecting street is to be the major/minor street will be resolved
by the City. Major street grades will
be carried through the intersection with no break in centerline grade or cross
slope to the outside edge of through lane.
Minor street grades shall connect at the edge of the major street with a
smooth connection using crest or sag vertical curves or spline curves if
necessary to approximate a vertical curve.
Grades approaching an intersection through vertical curves should not
exceed five percent for the last 100 feet before the intersection. Minor grade breaks (less than two percent)
at the intersecting edge of pavement will be acceptable for local streets. Minor street intersecting road grades should
be set to direct storm drainage away from the major street edge and toward the
beginning (PC) of curve at the curb return.
Maximum grades and vertical curve
controls found in Table 3.2 shall be followed at all
times.
A minimum radius of 25 feet measured
to the face of curb shall be required where local streets intersect.
A minimum radius of 30 feet measured
to the face of curb shall be required where a local street intersects with a
collector street. It is recommended
that the designer consider larger radii or three centered compound curves where
needed to provide for turning movements of larger vehicles.
A minimum radius of 40 feet will be
required where collectors intersect arterial streets.